101 Report and Small Change Professor Ramos Blog

101 Report and Small Change Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Brisk Write What are questions or issues with decent variety that would profit by us exploring them? Chp 5, â€Å"And Yet† Recognizing What You Say from What They Say Part 5 (p. 68) acquaints you with the termâ voice markersâ in request to assist you with recognizing the â€Å"I say† from the â€Å"They say.† This is a significant move since we are presently incorporating the â€Å"They say† in your composition. In the event that you don't do this plainly, the peruser will be befuddled with regards to your position and you may appear to negate yourself. The formats help you with explicit methods of flagging who is stating what, and to install the voice markers. Having the option to recognize your own view from the normal view is a â€Å"sophisticated expository move.† Utilizing â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† The part likewise covers utilizing the primary individual in scholarly composition, â€Å"I† or â€Å"we.† You have likely been advised to not or never utilize the I in school composing. The book contends that all around bolstered contentions are grounded in enticing reasons and proof, not in the utilization of nonuse of pronouns. Grossman â€Å"From Scroll to Screen† https://www.nytimes.com/svc/oembed/html/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F04%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fthe-technician muse-from-look to-screen.html From Scroll to Screen by Lev Grossmanâ was first distributed in the New York Times. What is Grossman’s report about? What is his motivation? Does this sound like a contention or a proposition? How is he sorting out the data? Gladwell â€Å"Small Change† Malcolm Gladwell â€Å"Small Change: Why the Revolution Will Not Be Tweeted† (399) Gladwell talks about the contentions advancing online networking as a key part in social activism beginning in section 7. He says, â€Å"The new devices of online life have reevaluated social activism. With Facebook and Twitter and so forth, the customary connection between political position and mainstream will has been overturned, making it simpler for the weak to team up, organize, and give a voice to their concerns.† He talks about upsets in Moldova and Iran and statements a previous senior State Department official who accepts online life can be utilized to battle fear based oppression. Heâ brings up these contradicting sees (his â€Å"they say†) after an all-encompassing portrayal of the Woolworth’s lunch counter demonstrations. He starts to disprove these perspectives in section 8. 2/2/60 Greensboro, N.C.: A gathering of Negro understudies from North Carolina AT College, who were denied assistance at a lunch meeting counter held for white clients, arranged a plunk down strike at the F.W. Woolworth store in Greensboro 2/2. Ronald Martin, Robert Patterson and Mark Martin are appeared as they remained situated for the duration of the day. The white lady at left went to the counter for lunch yet chose not to plunk down. Protest members are tormented and have food and beverages dumped on them. Chp 6 Skeptics May Object Part 6 presents an alternate kind of â€Å"they say†: the naysayer. The naysayer, or counterargument, shows up after the discussion and after you have come to some meaningful conclusions. Counting what the protests may be encourages you make a progressively careful point and adds believability to the composition. Be mindful so as to treat the protest cautiously and reasonably. Try not to introduce a feeble contention or an improvement of it since that can prompt various deceptions including the Strawman error. The book offers proposals for including the Naysayer or Skeptic. Foresee Objections Engage Objections in your own composition. Name the Naysayers. Present complaints officially or casually Speak to Objections Fairly Answer Objections Make concessions and persevere.

Issues that HR Needs to Manage-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose Issues that HR needs to Manage all the more Effectively and how? Answer: According to the contextual investigation, there is various issues that the Human Resource (HR) office faces in running the division just as the association. The HR must consider the issues at the most noteworthy need so as to determine the equivalent for the prosperity of the association. The most serious issues are: Representative Turnover and Retention: Representative turnover is perhaps the greatest issue that the HR division of the firm faces. The maintenance of the current staffs inside the association is a difficult undertaking for the HR office. There are a few circumstances both inside and outside the association that causes the high worker turnover. The turnover is fit for upsetting the organizations picture and influences the organizations manageability. Worker turnover, simultaneously impacts on the organizations efficiency. Arrangement: Worker maintenance is considered as the fine parity among the compensation, organization culture and the motivating forces. The HR branch of the firm should deal with the upsetting circumstance successfully by giving each staff the correct mix of all the three to forestall the turnover. Then again, strong administration is additionally equipped for holding the current worker o the association. Profitability: The profitability is another significant issue that is managed in the HR division. The efficiency of the organization is dictated by the competency of the representatives. On the off chance that the efficiency is low, the HR is capable to understand the issues by distinguishing the absence of competency inside the workers. Arrangement: The HR must make compelling strides as indicated by the seriousness of the issue of efficiency by giving the workers legitimate preparing and causing them to agree to their activity duties. Alongside this, legitimate criticism from the representatives will likewise empower the organization to direct the workers for expanding the efficiency Finance: Installment is one of the primary issues looked by the HR separated from the account division for the situation study. There can be crisis circumstance of insolvency, low benefit, cataclysmic events and other which can make the association unfit to pay to the workers. Also, the possibility of mix-ups is high in the manual procedure of installment. Arrangement: The association must execute finance programming which will assist the HR with paying the wages of the staffs opportune. Besides, the organization must look for mechanical usage of the installment procedure to stay away from any sort of mix-ups in the installment of the representatives. Then again, the HR must present the workers with certain strategies which will have the option to determine the issue of crisis circumstance consequently. Wellbeing and Safety: The HR office is answerable for the wellbeing security o the workers. Any medical problems of the representatives inside the working environment are a danger to the HR division as on the grounds that wellbeing risks are equipped for bring down the efficiency. In addition, the representatives security both physical and social is another worry of the HR. Arrangement: The HR division must acquaint with certain strategies concerning the wellbeing and security of the representatives so as to give them legitimate offices in regards to the equivalent. Simultaneously, the firm should have legitimate working environment structure to guarantee the better wellbeing and security of the representatives inside the working environment.

8 Practical Steps to Getting Rich

8 Practical Steps to Getting Rich Forbes published their 2019 list of the world’s richest people. According to their latest count, there are 2,153 billionaires in the world.Jeff Bezos retains the number 1 position with a net worth of $131 B. Bill Gates comes in number 2 with $96.5 B. Warren Buffet follows in the third position with $82.5 B as Mark Zuckerberg comes in at number 8 with $62.3 B.Jeff Bezos is 55 years old, Bill Gates is 63 years old and Warren Buffet is 89 years old. Given that the top three richest people are over 50 years old, does it mean that age is a factor in attaining great wealth?Mark Zuckerberg is younger, at 35 years old. He is one of the founders of Facebook. Does it mean that to become rich while relatively young, you have to invent something?The list by Forbes provides more information to help confuse (or understand) the matter. The youngest billionaire is Kylie Jenner, worth $1 Billion.Do you know how old she is? 21 years old. And she is a self-made billionaire. No inheritances here.So wh at’s the secret?Clearly, this has nothing to do with age, work experience or sheer luck. Because if someone could be a self-made billionaire at 21, there has to be an effort in it.Apart from the effort, there are definitely some things these people know and do which the rest don’t.Today, from looking at the lives of many successful (read rich) people, here are some of the things you can do if seeking to climb up the wealth ladder.Before we get to the steps you need to take to become wealthy, here are two things to note:Get-rich-quick schemes â€" these are scams. Even if you know people who have become rich through these methods, it most likely happened by chance. Of course, unless they were the ones operating the schemes.If you consider the lottery, the system works behind the scenes to ensure the business owner makes profit. Even a quick calculation of the participants and the amounts used to play lottery will tell you that the business is making big money. That’s why they ca n pay for TV ads.Take responsibility â€" the responsibility to become rich lies squarely with you. Your background aside, your future life is very much dependent on your actions. If you decide to wait for the unemployment compensation, rest assured that you won’t get rich.Your past may have contributed to your present situation but your future can change. Acknowledge the need for change and prepare your mind for action.HOW TO BECOME RICHMany people want to become rich but few are willing to put in the effort required. There is some work to be done.Many observations have been made of how the rich do certain things while avoiding others.And their lifestyles are not easy for many to adopt.But if you’re really interested in changing your fortunes, read on and see how attainable riches are.1. Develop Self-DisciplineHaving mentioned lifestyles, it’s important to understand that your habits play a key role in determining what kind of life you live.Habits are of two types; bad habits and good habits.These are easy to identify. Just look at your life and take note of the things you do either consciously or unconsciously.After identifying the habits, ask yourself which habits push you towards your goal of becoming rich?The ones which push you towards your goal are the good ones. The rest are bad habits.If you desire to amass wealth but are not yet there, consider all or a majority of your habits to be bad habits. These need to be dropped as soon as now.And this is where the challenge comes in. If you struggle dropping the bad habits, then your problem is really a lack of self-discipline. If you don’t have self-discipline, you won’t succeed in your quest. It is also likely the reason you haven’t succeeded so far.Developing self-discipline is important and you have to start at this point.One of the things self-discipline will help you with is time management. Time management is a challenge to many. But if you master your time, nothing will be able to stop you. Time levels the ground for everyone. Both the rich and poor have 24 hours in a day. Yet some make good use of their time while others seem to always run out of time.“Don’t be fooled by the calendar. There are only as many days in the year as you make use of. One man gets only a week’s value out of a year while another man gets a full year’s value out of a week.”  Charles RichardsManaging your time well means you have the ability to say no to distractions. These are what take your focus away from your goals and ensure that you don’t achieve them.Common distractions include social media, watching TV, too much sleep and attending unnecessary parties.Here is a video to help you with this. 2. Define SuccessOnce you have self-discipline developed, then you’re good to go. Now you can embark on the actual journey towards riches.You want to become rich? Start by answering this question: What does it mean to become rich?In other words, you have to set your goal. And the goal ha s to be specific.You cannot say that you want to have a lot of money in the bank. Or that you want to be able to buy anything you want anytime. These are too vague to become goals.Since you’re just getting started, look at your current life and write down the things you want to have in around 1 year.These should be things which are realistically achievable though not with your current earnings.For example, if you make $300 per month, you could aim for three times that figure i.e. $900.The idea here is that the growth should be gradual. This is because in reality, growth is indeed gradual. This will also cushion you from the possible frustration you may experience in case you don’t reach your goal.If you set a high amount, e.g. $10,000 a month from a mere $300, then you’re really setting yourself up for a tough time. But if you achieve the relatively small goal, you will increase it.Moreover, what you haven’t worked hard to achieve, you’re likely to lose it quickly since yo u don’t know how to sustain it. You don’t even understand its value. This is why many lottery winners go back to poverty soon after becoming rich.Once you have your definition of success, give yourself a timeline for achieving the goal. With our example of tripling your earnings, you can give yourself a year to achieve it.3. Believe That You Can Achieve ItKnowing the exact goal you’re working towards is great. But do you think it’s possible to achieve it?Do you believe that you have the ability to achieve it?If you honestly feel like it’s too high, feel free to bring the figure down. You can work with $600 or even $500. Just remind yourself that the growth is to be gradual.At this point, it might help to understand that the extra $200 (in case you go with a goal of $500) will be extra income you never had. Think of it like an unexpected pay rise. The extra money will help you do things you were never able to.Technically, you’ll have become richer than you were the previo us month.But even that extra $200 needs some real strength in order to be achieved. If that wasn’t the case, many people would be getting richer every second of the day. But since that’s not happening, then you know it’s not automatic.Your goal may look intimidating, especially when you consider the changes you need to make in your lifestyle.For example, if you’re used to sleeping for 10 hours every night, you may need to adjust to 7. Working towards self-discipline might also mean cutting down on TV and internet. Is this easy for you?If it’s not, don’t be quick to reduce your goal further. You may get to a figure that gives you no real motivation as it doesn’t reflect any big change you will experience by achieving the goal.Instead, work on your self-belief. Get yourself revved up for the task ahead. To make yourself able to achieve the goal, here are three things you can try:Read relevant material â€" it’s all about equipping yourself. Reading and researching is ju st as important as going to school. The mental abilities of those who have studied a lot are higher than that of those who haven’t.The more you read, the more your mind develops. As your mind develops, your ability to think, be creative, solve problems etc increases. Having more abilities will naturally make you more confident. This will in turn make it easy to believe in your ability to achieve the set goal.Use self affirmations â€" affirmations are the positive words you speak. You can use these on others as well as on yourself. Simply telling yourself that you can do it and that you believe in yourself can go a long way in building yourself up.We all need some encouragement to counter the many challenges life poses. However, that encouragement may not be available if you only wait for others to provide it. So come up with the encouragement and give it to yourself.As long as you can get yourself to believe in your abilities, then you can achieve them.Network with successful/rich people â€" networking with the rich is a form of mentorship. You may not afford expensive hotels or know how to play golf, but there is still a way of getting mentorship from these people.The trick is in using social media. Just identify 2 or 3 rich people who inspire you. Follow them on social media and interact with their content. These people may not be very active on these platforms but they share a lot of wisdom which can help you turn your life around.Here is a video talking more about this kind of mentorship. 4. Create an Emotional Connection With Your GoalWith your goal in mind, you should now create an emotional connection with it. The goal exists in your mind. But now you need to connect it with your heart.Your mind is logical while your heart is home to your emotions.The reason you need to create an emotional connection with your goal is because your logic is not as powerful as your emotions.If you argue that you always think through your actions, then this statement may not make sense to you.Thinking through your actions is a good thing, but it happens that the final decision is not always logical.This is especially true if you’re not a rich person. This far, had you been making logical decisions, you would definitely be wealthier than you areâ€"by far.But you’re not.Why?Because your emotions always, or at least, often, overrule your logic.Think about it. Between saving some money and going out with your friends every weekend, which one do you often do? Between saving to buy a new OLED TV and using your credit card to buy one now, which option are you likely to choose?As you will learn in the next step, these choices are very tough for most people.They may not have the money to spend, but since they want the experience, they go ahead and make an unwise decision.And this doesn’t happen accidentally.How Advertisements WorkThat ad which you watched or the display you looked at before deciding to make a purchase, was designed to make you want to buy.You see, marketers and advertisers understand that people buy emotionally, not logically.If you keenly look at many ads, you’ll realize that their story lines aren’t the most compelling. But the overall ad, especially video ads, they sell you the desired experience.Ads are meant to urge you to imagine yourself enjoying the experience you’re seeing in the video.Once you imagine yourself there, you start desiring it. If the desire is strong enough, it can even lead you to debt as you seek to fulfill your desire.Making the Emotional ConnectionWith your goal set, you need to imagine yourself experiencing it. This works for any goal you have set.For our example of $200 more, imagine yourself holding that money in your hands. Imagine the things you would be able to do that you previously couldn’t be able to.Once you have this, then you have your primary motivation. With an emotional connection, you will always have a reminder of what you are out to achieve.Whenever your mind gets distracted or feels tired, just remind yourself of what your achievement will provide.5. Buy What You Need, Not What You WantThe first four steps have dealt with the preparations. Now it’s time to take some action.This step talks about how to indirectly make some money. It also touches on the self-control you gained after working on self-discipline.Like a majority of people, you may be buying things you don’t really need. This is easy to start avoiding once you understand the point about emotions and marketing.It’s important to understand the difference between wants and needs.Needs are the things you cannot live without, like food. Wants are things you simply desire but are not necessary, like ice cream. Source: Key DifferencesWants are things you may be convinced that you need but after the purchase, you start regretting.Or maybe you don’t regret, but realize that the benefits and experience were short-lived.If you have such an experience, then you were lured by the emotional appeal of the ad or display.You will need to train your mind in order to withstand the allure of ads. For starters, here are three financial principles to help you:Live below your means â€" this might be tricky to implement if you’re already living beyond your means. It means cutting down your expenses in ways that may hurt you feelings. But if you’re serious about getting rich, then you should not allow your current lifestyle to interfere.Living below your means will give you the opportunity to earn some money in the form of avoided expenses. If for example you could buy a $400 TV but decided on a cheaper brand going for $350, you’ll have saved $50. This can be channeled elsewhere.Don’t spend more th an you make â€" related to the above principle, you should check your expenses to ensure they’re not above your earnings. If they are, you need to cut down on them. Take a serious look at your lifestyle and remind yourself that it’s the reason you’re not rich.One major problem for many is debt. There is good debt and bad debt. The primary difference is the future value.Good debt gives you something that appreciates in value. An example is mortgage. The home you bought will be of higher value by the time the debt is fully paid. Bad debt leads to lower future value. An example is a car or TV bought on loan. Source: My Pretty PenniesBorrowing to buy a car or TV subjects you to great losses.These things start depreciating in value the same hour you buy them. An exception is when you buy a car for business purposes.Despite depreciating in value, it facilitates efficient operationsâ€"if you’ve done your math right.Track your expenses â€" you need to learn the discipline of using a budget. Once you get paid, draft a list of necessary expenses and the amounts required for them. If the amount is more than you have, make amends until everything fits. Keep in mind the above principles.Once you have your budget, stick to it. Do not be distracted by your inner critic who may tell you that you need a life.That you need to make room for fun activities. If your budget doesn’t allow it, skip it. Be firm with yourself and remember that it’s only a matter of time.“Beware of little expenses. A small leak will sink a great ship.”   Benjamin FranklinDo not fall into the trap of wanting more now a nd even more later, without having a consistent source of income to support it. Deny yourself now to enjoy the future.You can ask a close friend to help keep you accountable. You can even take this journey together.6. Don’t Save, InvestWith some extra cash from minimizing your expenses or your normal savings amount if any, be wise in what you do with it.The advise to save some money is widespread and that’s not a bad thing.However, it is worth noting that savings pay very little interest compared to what investments do.And in case you didn’t know it, the banks you save with, invest the money so they can pay you interest from what they earn.Can’t you be as smart as they? Or even smarter?When we talk of investing, do not automatically think about huge sums of money required to start off.There are many types of investments. There are investments requiring huge capital like real estate.But these are not the only available options.There are other investments requiring relatively low capital like mutual funds.Something else to consider is the time value of money. This refers to the reality that the value of money changes over time. And in most cases, it reduces. The value of $1,000 now is not the same as its value two years from now.Whatever the money can buy now, may be too expensive later.This means that the extra money you have is better off increasing in value as quickly as possible. This is why experienced investors calculate the Required Rate of Return to ascertain the profitability of an investment.Before investing, take time to do some homework. Educate yourself on the various investment options and listen to expert advice.7. Build Multiple Income StreamsOne of the things you’ll discover when looking at the lives of rich people is that they don’t put all their eggs in the one basket. Not only is that risky, it’s also foolish.No matter how profitable a venture is, never put all your money in it. You can have the majority of your investments ther e but certainly not all of it.Remember to also invest in the areas you understand well. This prevents over-reliance on people’s advice such that you cannot move except at their word.As for diversity in investments, there are many options available.Some are easy while others aren’t so easy.Still, it depends on the knowledge you have, your willingness to learn and keep up with new information and how much time you have.Two common and successfully-implemented income ideas are:Blogging â€" blogging is very popular since it’s mainly a matter of writing and expressing your own opinions. But don’t be fooled, blogging isn’t a skill everyone has naturally. Just as some people can convince others more easily than others, some bloggers are just naturally good.Blogging is also an art. And in that regard, you can learn how to blog successfully.If you decide that blogging is the way to go, understand that bloggers make money from the traffic their blogs enjoy. As such, you have to first of all attract many readers to your blog.Once your blog is popular enough, you can make money through ads. This is the primary way of earning for most bloggers. You can run ads which people click on or promote products and get paid if your readers buy them.Online courses â€" some people, especially those with a skill in teaching, make money by selling courses online. These courses are usually not time-constrained. It is not a must for them to be finished within a certain time frame.The convenience of learning at your own pace and having access to the teacher (in some cases) is enough for many to buy. These courses are usually cheaper than what you might get in the traditional school systems.If you have an area of expertise, this is a great income generating idea. Just ensure your website is well designed and secure for the financial transactions.Also, make sure the courses provide real value to those who take them. That will increase the chances of earning from referrals.Watch this video for more ideas on how you can make money through various channels. From the video, pick three or more ideas which you can implement and implement them.Do more research on them and learn how to get started and keep going. Put in the required effort and push forward toward your goal.Remember the specific definition of riches you set for yourself.8. Be PersistentIn many cases, the hard work is not in figuring out what to do; but in starting to do it.Ask a number of entrepreneurs about this and they will confirm it. There is usually a fear to be overcome before any business is started. You will have many questions about the business.Is this the right business idea? Will it last or go down after several months? Will it bring me the expected returns? Have I done enough research?Here is free advice for you: do not waste time trying to justify your decision to your inner critic.Find out what income-generating ideas you can implement.Do your research on how to get started and keep goi ng. Listen to the advice of those who have successfully done it.Work hard at it and you will see the results come in.Remember that we started by talking about discipline.Decide that you’re going to work on the ideas and build them up.Once you’re started, decide that you will overcome the challenges which will come. When challenges come, take them as opportunities to become stronger.Do not give up and always stay focused. As long as you persist in your desire and keep in touch with the emotional connection to your goal, you will succeed.CONCLUSIONGreat wealth comes from hard work. The hard work is put in at the initial stages and acts as the foundation.As with a building, the foundation doesn’t look beautiful and has little to show for the effort.But once the building is finished, the bigger it is, the more appreciative of the foundation you’ll be.Be willing to put in the hard work to build the foundation. Once the systems of income streams are in place, the money will flow i n will little effort.Then you can enjoy vacations and other luxuries with little worry since your money is working for you.

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1792 Words

Jack Baker and Michael McConnell walked in the courthouse and payed 10$ and applied for marriage licenses, The clerk refused to give it to them, because he said to them that marriage was with a member of the opposite sex. When the clerk refused Baker, a law student, and McConnell, sued in state court, Baker mentioned the Minnesota statute and how it doesn t mention anything about gender, Baker didn t go down with a fight, he thought it was unconstitutional discrimination on the basis of sex. Baker likened the situation to interracial marriage, and that s when the Supreme Court was intertwined with the situation, since then the Supreme Court passed the ruling that allows gay marriage to be legal in all states. It s truly amazing that people find ways to allow others to find happiness and joy either with the same sex or the opposite sex. People have the right to love someone, whether or they are heterosexual or homosexual, love is for everyone, homosexuals are afraid to be who they are , they are scared of rejection, abandonment, and most of all abuse from peers and/or family. Homosexuals are treated equal around teachers, but when teachers turn around that s when the torment begins and kids, and teens are bullied for their sexuality. Same sex marriage has so many advantages for America and some people can t see that, such as adoption of children left by unprepared families, and even how the idea of traditional marriage has changed over the course of time. Love hasShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

The Book Christian Mind By Harry Blamires - 902 Words

Since junior high, I have been always interested in science and realism. I was always amazed at the natural phenomena around the world, and I am a kind of person who does not easily trust unless there is a solid proof. I am like Thomas, one of the twelve disciples who refused to believe that Jesus was alive unless he reach out his hand into Jesus’ side (John 20:24-25). I became numb of Christian thinking because I was too obsessed with the tangible reality. Therefore, reading the book â€Å"Christian Mind† by Harry Blamires, opened up my eyes to Christian mind. The first half of the book discusses how â€Å"there is no longer a Christian mind,† and Christians living in the present times accept â€Å"religion, its morality, its worship, its spiritual culture; but he rejects the religious view of life† (pg. 3). Blamires moves forward with his discussion and states that â€Å"people will think pragmatically, politically, but not Christianly† (pg. 13). He appeals his disappointments that in the world, there are not many Christian thinkers in many fields. He argues that Christian thinkers cannot meet as thinking Christians because over variety of field in the society, because there are no one to have conversation with Christian mind. After reading his book, I began to reflect on why I should view everything with Christian mind. In 1 Corinthians 10:31, Paul is telling us to do everything â€Å"for the glory of God.† Thinking as secularists will make me a secularist, not a Christian. I cannot glorifyShow MoreRelated Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker Essay examples2350 Words   |  10 Pagespublication of Burnt Norton in 1935. From this poem, Eliot built a delicately intricate set of Christian devotional poems, Four Quartets.    The second of T. S. Eliots Four Quartets, East Coker, is the poets reflection on the English village in which his ancestor Sir Thomas Elyot wrote The Governour, and from which Andrew Elyot embarked for the New World (Blamires 41). Eliot understood poetry to be a series of images, phrases, and feelings deposited into

Umass Dartmouth Reflection Free Essays

I am currently on year six at Umass Dartmouth, and thus far it has been quite the journey. I have been a commuter for all six years and my experience hasn’t been too enjoyable. If I could restart my college experience I am not sure if I would not even put this school as a possibility. We will write a custom essay sample on Umass Dartmouth Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have experienced some positive experiences at this school, but the negative aspects definitely outweigh the positive. However, this current semester has really changed my view on the University. Umass Dartmouth’s campus is definitely unique. One thing that has always bothered me about Umass Dartmouth is the look of the buildings. The outside and inside of the buildings definitely help to impact the negative feeling I get about the campus. The campus is so gray looking that it makes me feel somewhat â€Å"gray’. The classrooms are very uncomfortable regarding seating, temperature, and desk space. One positive aspect of the campus is the layout. Personally as a commuter student I really like the â€Å"ring road† effect. I feel it makes the campus really navigable. A big negative when I think about Umass Dartmouth is how I feel as though a large majority of the staff does not care about the students. I have had many experiences ith different departments of the school being very rude to me in different situations. I feel as though the advisors at least should be interested in your wellbeing at this school, but even with most advisors I have had awful experiences. I have switched majors a few times so I have experienced many different advisors. Not every employee of the university has given me a negative experience. I have had a few professors who I felt were very dedicated to making sure I was learning and understanding the material. This is an aspect that I feel is very important, so I am rateful to have had the experience to be taught by some very educated, caring professors. The core business classes that I started taking as an operations management manger were a very good base to my major. The classes really helped to give me a broad understanding of different business areas. The class sizes for these classes were medium sized which I thought was perfect for these types of classes. Most of the professors I had for these classes I felt taught me the material very well. However, I did come across one or two professors that I feel really did not benefit me at all. I really find it unfortunate there are professors in this university who do not teach the material well at all. At the end of a semester looking back at a class and feeling like I can take close to nothing from it really frustrates me. I feel as though the university should really be monitoring the classes and spectating them. So far the operations management major required classes have been very good. The sizes of the classes are perfect. I have found all my classes very interesting, and felt the material is being taught very efficiently. I have learned more this semester than any other semester at Umass Dartmouth. One thing that I really have enjoyed this semester is the amount of class interaction. I have experienced a lot of class discussions and have done a lot of presentations. I absolutely hated presentations at much more confident in giving presentations and participating in class discussions. Another part of this semester I have enjoyed regarding my major required classes was a recent trip I took toa manufacturing plant that one of my professors setup. I felt this was extremely beneficial. Being able to actually go toa real life plant and see concepts being used in real life really opened my eyes, and made me really excited to raduate and start my career to apply concepts I have learned. My experience at Umass Dartmouth started out negative, but as I continued through it seemed to start to improve. This current semester has really impacted me positively. I feel as though these operations management courses are really starting to prepare me very well for my career. I really feel as though Umass Dartmouth’s campus is a very big negative for myself as well as for other students. If they Just added a little more color to every building it would really help to improve the atmosphere! How to cite Umass Dartmouth Reflection, Papers

Employment Patterns of Women in New Zealand-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Different Employment patterns of Women and their Economic outcomes in New Zealand. Answer: Introduction There has been significant increase in the labour force of women in New Zealand and especially the paid employment patterns of women. However, the pattern of work histories of women shows that there has been sequence of entries as well as exits. There has been an increase in the strengths of women in terms of maximizing their economic and social success(Ministry for Women, 2017). The government of New Zealand is committed to give equal opportunities to the women so that they can use their skills as well as talents in the economy (Darling-Hammond, 2015). It aims to give women a suitable framework that would minimize their exposure to different forms of gender discrimination. This research paperwould discuss the different employment outcomes of women in New Zealand. The second part would discuss about the representations of the women in group. This would be done with the help offour examples of women at work. The critical analysis of these examples would be done. The part 3 would identify the review of the selected articles in the chosen diversity group and ponder about their outcomes. Discussion The women residing in New Zealand has seen a dominant rise in the society, similar to that displayed in other countries (Ministry for Women, 2017). Over the period of years, women in New Zealand have learnt to be ingenious, adaptable and independent (Ministry for Women, 2017). There has been slow disappearance of stereotypes of women and greater women are entering the workforce. The Ministry of Women Affairs aims to give equal opportunity to women in all matters (McGregor et al., 2017). It aims to give equal rights to women in various forms of trades and occupation. There have been different needs of the different categories of women such as Asian women, Pacific women, migrant women, women with disabilities and others. The current labor force participation rate revolves around 64.72 percent, as recorded in 2016 (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). It has been observed that the unemployment rate for Pacific and Maori women is the highest. The gender gap in terms of compensation is the one of the lowest in the world as far as full time workers are concerned. The New Zealand women engage in more amount of unpaid work than their male counterparts (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). Statistics reveal that the unemployment rate of the women is greater in men as compared to men. This trend is quite similar in disabled population too. The country is committed to bringing in more gender equality as well as committed in enhancing the outcomes for women in respective areas (Statistics.govt.nz, 2017). The country believes in engaging the different women leaders so that they have the highest level of participation in management and governance (Workresearch.aut.ac.nz, 2017). The skills of the women leaders are being utilized to bring out greater economic outcomes for the country and ensuring that women are free from violence. The economic outcomes have been affected by the instances of motherhood. The early motherhood (at the age of 30 years) is said to have economic disadvantage for this group. The pregnant women in their early motherhood period seem to work for fewer hours, have low financial independence and they get more prone to economic hardships (Sonfield et al., 2013). The employment rates of the educated older women are higher, though there are several older women who have little or no formal education (Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). Research shows that there is a significant increase in the mid-life women employees who are proceeding towards the stages of retirement(Statistics.govt.nz, 2017).However, in the longer period, the group would start ageing and would be a part of the group which has low employment rate. There has been significant growth in the number of women involving in private as well as government sectors. This has been impacted by the political, economic and social systems. The increase in the participation has been attributed to the higher wages, which is also affected by the technological advancements (Leigh Blakely, 2016). The higher wages have also impacted the value of womens and they perceive that it is futile to waste it at home. It is also being influenced by decreasing birth rates as well as small families(Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). The number of women who have undergone tertiary education has a positive co-relation with their act of working full-time or part-time. However, there has been an effect known as discouraged working effect, which reduces the female labor supply(Superseniors.msd.govt.nz, 2017). The increased participatory rates have also been due to the rapid urbanization that has resulted in the increased work opportunities (Bonoli, 2017). There are part-time jobs which often act as the entry point of various women who want to return back to the workforce. Wajcman (2013) argues that the women voluntarily prefer part time education and not only for the childrearing purpose. The part-time employment opportunities are being chosen by women who want to make non-market activities as their priority. There are pressures of the society in terms of child-rearing responsibilities(Bonoli, 2017). In spite of the economic reforms, the women with infants find it difficult to step out of the home and work. The present socio-economic factors have impacted the women group in making employment level decisions. Society expects that the new mothers sit at home and take care of the children, instead involving them in full-time employment options (Bonoli, 2017). This makes the women less likely to go against their families and their careers take a backseat. It is true that women with child-bearing responsibilities or family duties may opt for part-time job options (Swann, 2014). However, there has been a rising cases of injustice towards such work patterns as far as promotion and training attributes are concerned. Name of Source Summary Analysis Does it work well in NZ? Message given by source Advantages Disadvantages https://www.nzherald.co.nz (Joan Withers: Changing the world for working women) Status of the women in present corporate scenario and the ways of achieving top ranks in the corporate organizations Corporate entities need to retain their women workforce and give them enough opportunities so that they can excel in their professional lives Yes, it do works well in NZ Women can have a balanced lifestyle with life/career so that they are successful This source pondered about the plights of working women from practical point of view. The article doesnt really identify the ways that can be used by women to balance their life and work. https://www.nzherald.co.nz (The gender gap: How NZ is faring) Varying level of gaps from of economic opportunities between men and women of New Zealand Portrays the unequal income of the women as compared to men having same qualification It is relevant in NZ scenario Women needs to demand equal work rights and know how to handle disparity Identifies the different attributes of inequality towards women Doesnt clearly state the future courses of action Burke Mattis, 2013 (Women on Corporate Boards of Directors: International challenges and ) Different issues faced by women in top management Various barriers include lack of data, lack of information Yes Women directors have to undertake several problems Clear representation of the issues in senior management Restricted to a particular hierarchical level only Handy Rowlands, 2014 Labour market differences of women among the Wellington film industry Problems of women associated with the film industry and intervention of social roles played by them Yes, it is related to NZ film industry Women have responsibilities at home and hence they have unequal labor opportunities as compared to their male counterparts Identifies the actual problems of women in advancing their careers in film industry Doesnt clearly mentions the probable solutions Zealand, 2015 Various methods of occupational gender segmentation Different kinds of trends, education and the patterns of occupational segregation are correctly displayed Yes Cluster patterns of women in different occupations in NZ A wide picture of occupations and women are being depicted The womens positions beyond putting them in different occupations are not defined well www.globalwomen.org.nz (Why be bold for change?) Current rate of change is inadequate for bringing in gender parity in New Zealand Various barriers in gender gap and gender pay gap are discussed Yes, it should be implemented Important to take bold steps to bring in change regarding gender parity Practical issue of gender differences are discussed Article did not critically appraise the issue There are different kinds of women portrayed in the articles and in the prevailing society. The women are represented to be frail and they are not eager to change. They are often subjected to violence and injustice, which they tolerate. The society always restricts women from entering into certain professions such as military, defenses and others. Women also feel ashamed to do so since they are not able to go against the society. The society expects women to be well dressed everywhere they are going. They are expected to be well maintained and well-groomed at all times. A typical woman would wear a dress in which she is comfortable and she would be able to carry herself well. She should have neat and tied hair which would make her to look pretty. It is important to look decent always and women are not considered good if they are not well groomed. However, women should not be treated as an object and they should be treated as human beings. The demographic projections reveal that the elderly women population would be an important part of the labor force. This can be attributed to the long-life expectancy of women as compared to men. The women who become pregnant before the age of 20 years may often lead to economic disadvantage, which may continue till a decade. This often leads to indirect influences to the employment patterns of women. The article on Preparing, working, recovering: Gendered experiences of night work among women and their families discusses about the negative experiences of women towards the night duty work (Lowson Arber, 2014). The phases of recovery as well as preparation are characterized by additional anxiety. There are also alterations in the sleep patterns of women in night duty. This concept is directly related to the economic outcomes of women discussed in Part 1. However, this article is successful in representing the fact the women are successful in planning their domestic responsibility while working in night shifts(Lowson Arber, 2014). The article on Working Women Worldwide: Age effects in female labor force participation in 117 countries focuses on the labor force participation rate in different countries apart from New Zealand (Besamusca et al., 2015). This article identifies the fact that the sector sizes as well as per capita GDP is responsible for the exact timing of labor market entry as well as exit. This idea is directly related to the concepts discussed in Part 2 regarding the labor force participation(Besamusca et al., 2015). The journal on the Organizational work family culture and working mothers affective commitment discusses about the attitudes of the full-time working mothers regarding the work-family culture (Chang, Chin Ye, 2014). The working mothers are more committed to the organization, as compared to their peers, which opposes the common myth of the society. The expectations of the working mothers are also lower than others, which indicate organizational prosperity. This supports the idea of full time work opportunities of women discussed in part 1 and the effect of child- rearing responsibilities on womens profession (Chang, Chin Ye, 2014). The journal articles on the Gendered inequality regimes and female labor market disadvantage within New Zealand film industry focuses on the fact that the women have disadvantages related to gender inequality in the New Zealand film industry (Handy Rowlands, 2014). Women who have young children are being conceived as the less preferable employees for recruitment. The women have limiting role to play in the film industry as compare to the male counterparts. This article shows the different stereotypes towards women in film industry (similar in corporate world). The structural features of our societies and the institutions force women to abort their professional decisions and agree with the flow. These articles witness the fact that women should not be considered as beautiful as well as well-dressed in order to be successful at work. It is their talent and expertise that should be counted for gaining recognition at work. The women should be encouraged to showcase their talent and expertise at work. They should not be looked as a source of entertainment and beauty, instead their hard work needs to be recognized. The article on the film industrys gender inequality shows that the women are not treated equal to men. Their role is limited to certain things only and they are not allowed to go beyond the stereotypes. There are several stereotypes against working moms which prevents them from participating fully in the organizational as well as societal functions. The article on the age of the working women reveals that the women have been successful in managing all levels of management, including the senior management level. This has been focused by the article on the women on the d ifferent corporate board of directors. The articles also support the fact that the women have faced different levels of differences in terms of economic opportunities also. This is also highlighted in the society where there are several indifferences owing to the different treatments that are being provided to the employees. The demographic projections reveal that the elderly women population would be an important part of the labor force. This can be attributed to the long-life expectancy of women as compared to men. The women who become pregnant before the age of 20 years may often lead to economic disadvantage, which may continue till a decade. This often leads to indirect influences to the employment patterns of women. Conclusion The working life of women in New Zealand is coupled with anxiety, uncertainty, superstitions and obstacles, which they need to fight with every day. The working women need to break traditional societal barriers in order to be successful in their professional life. They need to overcome several stereotypes in order to occupy the profession position that she desires. They also need to balance their home and profession so that neither of them suffers. The research paper discusses about the employment patterns as well as the economic outcomes of women in New Zealand. The full-time employment is related to several factors such as tertiary education, employability of older women, socio-economic conditions, part-time employment scope and others. There are six examples provided that ponders about the different dimensions of the relationship between women and their employment probabilities. The last part of the research paper critically analyzes the different sources that strengthen the selec ted diversity group. This research paper would broaden the understanding of the position of women in occupations in New Zealand and how they can be improved. References Besamusca, J., Tijdens, K., Keune, M., Steinmetz, S. (2015). Working women worldwide. Age effects in female labor force participation in 117 countries.World Development,74, 123-141. Bonoli, G. (2017).Labour market and social protection reforms in international perspective: parallel or converging tracks?. Taylor Francis. Burke, R. J., Mattis, M. C. (Eds.). (2013).Women on corporate boards of directors: International challenges and opportunities(Vol. 14). Springer Science Business Media. Chang, E., Chin, H., Ye, J. (2014). Organizational work?family culture and working mothers affective commitment: How career expectations matter.Human Resource Management,53(5), 683-700. Darling-Hammond, L. (2015).The flat world and education: How America's commitment to equity will determine our future. Teachers College Press. Handy, J., Rowlands, L. (2014). Gendered inequality regimes and female labour market disadvantage within the New Zealand film industry.Women's Studies Journal,28(2), 24. Joan Withers: Changing the world for working women. (2017).NZ Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11890155 Leigh, N. G., Blakely, E. J. (2016).Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Lowson, E., Arber, S. (2014). Preparing, working, recovering: Gendered experiences of night work among women and their families.Gender, Work Organization,21(3), 231-243. McGregor, J., Davies, S. G., Giddings, L. S., Pringle, J. (2017). Pursuing equal pay: The perspectives of female engineers and potential policy interventions.Journal of Industrial Relations,59(1), 3-21. Ministry for Women |. (2017).Women.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://women.govt.nz Sonfield, A., Hasstedt, K., Kavanaugh, M. L., Anderson, R. (2013). The social and economic benefits of womens ability to determine whether and when to have children. Statistics.govt.nz. (2017).Statistics.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.statistics.govt.nz Superseniors.msd.govt.nz (2017).Superseniors.msd.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://superseniors.msd.govt.nz Swann, N. (2014).A cross-generational narrative examination of women's career journeys. Pepperdine University. The gender gap: How NZ is faring. (2017).NZ Herald. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11349638 Wajcman, J. (2013).Managing like a man: Women and men in corporate management. John Wiley Sons. Why Be Bold For Change?. (2017).Globalwomen.org.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.globalwomen.org.nz/news-and-events/blog/why-be-bold-for-change/ Work Research Institute - AUT. (2017).Workresearch.aut.ac.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.workresearch.aut.ac.nz Zealand, S. N. (2015). Women at work: 19912013.Ministry for Women: Wellington, New Zealand.

Foals The First Year Essays - Foal, Horse Breeding, Livestock

Foals: The First Year Foals: The First Year RUSTY MILLER STATEMENT DESCRIBING CAREER GOALS AND RESEARCH INTERESTS MASTERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE AUGUST 1, 2000 RESEARCH INTERESTS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION Introduction: The following is a report on my research information on foal's nutritional need through there first year of life. This report will also show a research project that I would like to do for my Masters degree I. Nutrition A. Nutritional Requirement 1. Details of general nutrition 2. Requirements B. Other items required for good nutrition 1. Water 2. Energy, Maintenance, & Growth II. Creep Feeding A. Reason for creep feeding foals 1. Why creep feed 2. When to creep feed B. Nutritional advantage for creep feeding 1. The foal's nutrition needs 2. Foal feeding guidelines 3. The end results III. Research and personal information A. Research project using a group of new born foals 1. Setting up the research project 2. Details of what I'm hoping to prove B. Personal information 1. Background information 2. Detail of work history and professional background Conclusion: Rusty Miller Research project for Masters in Animal Science August 1, 2000 FOALS: THE FIRST YEAR . Feeding should be based on both practical experience and scientific research. Horses are kept for a much longer time than most farm animals and feeding programs must support the development of sound feet and legs to sustain along and athletic life. Nutritional Requirement Although horses obviously utilize hay and other roughage more efficiently then of other non-ruminants such as poultry or pigs. The anatomy of the equine G I tract limits this ability as compared with ruminant. The site of fermentation in horses is the cecum and large intestine, where large number of microorganisms digest hemicelluloses and cellulose utilize protein and non-protein nitrogen and synthesize certain vitamins. Some of the products of fermentation such as volatile fatty acids and use microbial protein synthesized from nitrogen entering the cecum and calm under foes only limited proteolysis and the supply of essential amino acids from an unbalanced dietary nitrogen source is not satisfactorily balanced by microbial ammo acids for optimal growth. Horses therefore depend more on the quality of the diet than do ruminants. Water Water requirements depend largely on environment amount of work being performed nature of the food and physiological states of the horse. Daily consumption by an adult horse typically is 5 to 12 gals. Clean, fresh water should be provided ad lib for all horses. As physical activity increases water consumption increases. If a horse is hot following exercise, it should be allowed to cool before given unlimited access to water. Energy Energy requirement may be classified into these needed for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, and work. The need for energy differs considerably among individuals some horses and ?easy keepers?, while others require prodigious amounts of feed. Thus, these formulas provide only a sound basis for estimating energy needs not the energy needs of any individual horses. Maintenance To maintain body weight and support normal activity, the daily digestible energy requirement of the non working horse weighing 440 - 1322 lb is 1.4 + (0.03 x body wt. in kg) for horses weighing *600kg, daily requirement are 1.82 + (0.0383 x body wt) Growth The DE requirements for growth (to be added to that for maintenance) are estimated from the following equation in which x equal's age in months and Average Daily Growth equals average daily fain in kg. DE growth (meal/ day = (4.81 + 1.17 x 0.023 x Average Daily Growth Pregnancy Maintenance energy intakes are adequate until the last 90 days of gestation, when most of the fetal tissue growth occurs. During gestation months 9 to 11, D E requirement are estimated by multiplying maintenance requirement by 1-11, 1-13, and 1-20, respectively. Voluntary intake of roughage decreases as the fetus gets larger and it may be necessary to increase the energy density of the diet by using some concentrate. Lactation The It has been estimated that 792 Keal of DE/Kg of milk produced per day should be added to maintenance needs to support lactation. Maintenance needs to support lactation. This level of energy intake has produced increased body weight gain in lactating mares, indicating that it may exceed the minimum requirement for lactation. Some data on average milk production of mares are listed below. Condition of the mare determines desirability of increasing gain. Average Milk Production Months after Foaling Mares Production 0 - 1 13.9 1 - 2 14.7 2 - 3 16.9 3 - 4

Greenwich Alternatives Investments Essay Example

Greenwich Alternatives Investments Essay Example Greenwich Alternatives Investments Essay Greenwich Alternatives Investments Essay Overall, the total return of the SP 500 TR Index may be greater than the Opportunistic but the risk of the index is much higher than the Opportunistic. Furthermore, the April 2012 return of the Opportunistic was greater than the SP 500 TR Index, so the Opportunistic is the best method for investors. Secondly, the following part will examine and make a comparison of the total return and the risk between the Macro strategy, the SP 500 TR Index and the FTSE 100 Index. The chart 4 shows the deference of the total return of April and March 2012, YTD, 3 month and 1 year between the Macro, the FTSE 100 Index and the SP 500 TR Index. Chart 4: The total return of the Macro, FTSE 100 Index, SP 500 TR Index Source: Greenwich Alternatives Investments8 According to the chart, the April 2012 return of the Macro was 0. 8% greater than both the indexes. Furthermore, the March 2012 return of the SP 500 TR Index was the highest with 3. 3% compared to -0. 7% of the Macro but the total of the FTSE 100 Index was the smallest at -1. 8%. If almost of types return of the Macro were bigger than the FTSE 100 Index, there was a change with the YTD return. In addition, the YTD of the Macro was 2. 6% while the rate of FTSE 100 Index got 3% and the highest YTD return was belong to the SP 500 TR Index with 11. 9%. The 3 month return of the Macro was 1. 3% less than the amount of SP 500 TR Index with 7. 1% but it was taller than the FTSE 100 Index (1%). The 1 year return of the Macro was lower than the SP 500 TR Index again when it was 0. 7% compared to 4. 8%. However, there was a huge decrease of the FTSE 100 Index over the same period as it got only -5. 5%. In order to have an overview of the risk of the Macro, the FTSE 100 Index and the SP 500 TR Index, the chart 5 illustrates the standard deviation of 3 and 5 year annualised. : The rate of the Macro is the smallest compared to both the indexes. In addition, the 3 year annualised standard deviation of the SP 500 TR Index and FTSE 100 Index are 15. 6% and 14. 7% much bigger than the Macro with only 3. 8%. Moreover, the 5 year annualised standard deviation of the Macro is 4. 8% while the rate of the SP 500 TR Index and FTSE 100 Index are 19% and 17% over the same period. Therefore, the investors can reduce the risk with the Macro strategy. Chart 5: The Standard deviation of 3 and 5 year annualised of the Macro, FTSE 100 Index, SP 500 TR Index Source: Greenwich Alternatives Investments9 Overall, almost historic return of the SP 500 TR Index were greater than the Macro but the investors could choose the Macro strategy in the future to invest because the April 2012 return of the Macro increased clearly and the risk of the Macro is lower. All hedge fund strategies have different advantages but they allow investors developed their portfolio variegation profits. The strategy weights show the average of each hedge fund strategy in the portfolio. The percentage of the Macro strategy on March 2012 is 8. 2% (takes around 31. 17% in the growth of the Directional Trading Group) when the development of the Opportunistic is 8. 5% on the same period (occupies approximately 21. 63% in the percentage of the Long-Short Equity Group). However, the investors have to face some risks with strategies. For example, some macro problems can produce risk for the Macro. More specifically, the changes in global economies will impact to the governments policies; therefore, the interest rate will have modification. As a result, it affects all majors in the market, such as, bonds, equities. The movement increase the risk of the Macro. Furthermore, the IPOs events, hostile bids and other event-driven opportunities can impact to the Opportunistic because the events make an interim earnings disappointment. Hence, the investors can lose their trust and the Opportunistic have a lot of risk suddenly. In conclusion, there are many methods that investors can develop their portfolio, such as, the hedge funds strategies, some indexes but it is not easy to choose the best investment way. In order to make decision, the investors need to make a comparison of the historic returns and the risk of all methods. It can help them predict the trend of markets, minimize the risk and look for the best opportunity. In the paper, the historic returns of the two hedge fund strategies are not really greater than the SP 500 TR Index and FTSE 100 Index but their risks are much lower than both the indexes. Therefore, in my opinion, the investors should use the hedge fund strategies because they can decrease risk more strongly than the indexes.

Texas Roadhouse Wont Scrimp on Making Employees Happy Essay

Texas Roadhouse Wont Scrimp on Making Employees Happy - Essay Example However, an ideal organization in the modern day and age has the managerial information at its disposal on the effectiveness of full implementation both at strategy and at policy level (Baran, Zerres and Zerres, 2009). An illustration using the Texas Roadhouse restaurant is well descriptive of the extent that the modern firms can go to ensure that this end is achieved. Basically, two important human resource tools that have been researched on to deliver satisfactory results on employee productivity include employee commitment and motivation. In the service industry, it rolls back on the customer service giving a direct impact on the consumer loyalty and brand image. The implication of the above observation is that employee productivity in the service industry has a direct impact n the consumer satisfaction and the overall organization image projected to the market. In a competitive market as the food market is in which Texas Roadhouse deals in, consumer loyalty and satisfaction is one of the most powerful competitive weapons that an organization can boast of (Gerhart et al, 2011). By establishing a strong market presence through the consumer perception about the delivery of services across the outlets, an organization in the service industry is equipped to face any form of competition. Human resource management findings in the 21st century demonstrate the need for the management team to pay the appropriate attention that the most important resource an organization has in this age; human resource. Paying attention implies that the management invests enough resources based on the cost benefit analysis in enhancement of the employees’ team that the organization puts together. There are a number of employee motivation as well as commitment boosting approaches that the modern organization can employ. According to (Senyucel, 2009), there are three forms of motivation

What Impact Have Successful Women Made In The U.S. Hospitality Thesis

What Impact Have Successful Women Made In The U.S. Hospitality Industry As Leaders - Thesis Example Due to its unique nature of activities and the high customer interaction, the expectations from the employees are very different from other industries. This in turn imposes different demands on the leaders and managers. Before proceeding ahead, it is very important to understand the concept of leadership and leadership styles practiced by the managers and supervisors. Leadership in very simple words is the act or process of influencing others to behave in particular ways that would enable them to achieve their common goals. A very important fact to notice here is that leadership is not restricted to the top level management, a leader can be found in any place of the organization. Leaders have many responsibilities ranging from arranging the work environment to removing obstacles in the way of success. This also includes support and guidance for the followers. They may use power or persuasion to achieve these tasks. This essay will start with a discussion of the increasing role of fem ales in this industry, followed by an analysis of the hospitality industry and the upcoming challenges. Further, we will highlight the practices, styles and aspects of leadership with their application to the hospitality industry. This will include a thorough analysis of the different theories of leadership. In the end, a conclusive statement will reinforce the findings of this work (Ryan, 2009). Increasing Role of the Females At present, even in the developed part of the world, the women are underrepresented in the management position and their leadership initiatives are not taken seriously by their male counterparts. However, as the time is passing by, the importance of leadership characteristics, more common in females are being appreciated and this makes them more suitable for leadership positions in certain industries. Hospitality is one of these industries and this has resulted in this sector witnessing a tremendous change as more and more women graduate with diplomas and degr ees in hotel management and join the workforce. This fact clarifies the concept that though both the genders despite having many similarities in their leadership style have certain subtle differences that have high degree impact. These differences are usually due to the inbuilt nature of both the genders. A very simple example of this fact is that women desire clear and open communication which leaves no space for confusion. They are therefore, known to prefer contingent reward leadership style. Contemporary Challenge One of the major most challenges of the hospitality industry at present is that of providing consistent services. Although many of them have a standard procedure for the recruitment of their staff, inconsistency in the quality of front line employees exists. The right form of leadership at the right place can help reduce this problem to a great extent. Importance of a Correct Leadership Approach Other then improving the service quality another important aspect of corre ct leadership is based on the popular saying that states that â€Å"people do not leave their jobs, they leave their managers†. This shows the importance of the role of leadership. A huge amount of money is spent on the recruitment and training of individual. According to one source on an annual basis it is up to ?866 million alone in the hospitality industry. Therefore, it is very important to control the turnover rate in order to secure the company against any negative, financial consequences. Here, another point to highlight is that, correct leadership is required at all levels of an organization and not just the top level. A generalization indicates that there are three major levels at which it is crucial. These

Indias Foreign Exchange System: An Analysis

Indias Foreign Exchange System: An Analysis CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction: It is a fact that the currencies of different countries have different values that is based upon their actual economic and monetary strength. It is from this difference that the genesis of foreign exchange occurs. Foreign exchange can be termed as the act of matching the different values of the goods and services that is involved in the international business transaction process in order to attain the exact value that is to be transferred between the parties of an international trading transaction in monetary terms. Foreign exchange as an activity had started the day civilization and independent principalities got established in the world. But in those days it was a case of exchanging value in the form of transfer of goods and services of identical value that is commonly identified with barter system. Moreover the transactions were done on a one-to-one basis, and the terms and conditions were determined by the parties entering into such transactions. There was no universal system or rule that determined these transactions. In that way foreign exchange and international monetary system is a modern day trend that gained an institutional form in the first half of the twentieth century and has been developing since then. 2.2 Foreign Exchange: According to International Monetary Fund (IMF), Foreign Exchange is defined as different forms of financial instruments like foreign currency notes, deposits held in foreign banks, debt obligations of foreign banks and foreign governments, monetary gold and Special Drawing Rights (SDR) that are resorted to make payments in lieu of business transactions that is done by two business entities or otherwise, of nations that have currencies having different inherent monetary value (www.imf.org). Leading economist Lipsey Richard G.,1993 has mentioned that the foreign exchange transactions are basically a form of negotiable instrument that are resorted to deliver the cost of goods and services that form a part of trading transactions and otherwise, between business and public entities of nations of the global economy. Sarno, Taylor and Frankel, 2003 gives the definition of foreign exchange as denoting the act of purchase and sale of currencies of different economies that is performed over the counter for various purposes that includes international payments and deliverance of cost of various business transactions, where the value is usually measured by tallying the value of the currencies involved in the foreign exchange transaction with that of the value of U.S. Dollar. According to Clark and Ghosh 2004, Foreign Exchange denotes transactions in international currency i.e. currencies of different economies. In such transactions the value of a currency of one country is tallied and exchanged with similar value of the currency of the country in order to exchange the cost of a business transaction or public monetary transfer that is taking place between two entities of these economies. 2.2.1 Foreign Exchange Transactions: Transactions in foreign exchange are done through various types and various modes between different countries of the world. According to information mentioned in the Reuters Financial Training Series, 1999,TOD Transactions, TOM Transactions, Swap Rates, Spot Rates, Forward Rates, Margin Trading and Buy / Sell on Fixed Rates foreign exchange transaction methods are some of the commonly used methods that are widely used by global managers for their foreign exchange transaction activities. 2.2.1.1 TOD Operations: TOD Operations are foreign exchange transaction methods where the trader uses the exchange rate of the day on which the foreign exchange transaction order is to be executed. In other words TOP operations are commonly used in intra-day foreign exchange transactions. As a result they are commonly resorted to by speculators in foreign exchange transactions and those who general speculate on the rates of different foreign exchange markets of the globe. 2.2.1.2 TOM Operations: In this type of transactions the transaction process carried forward to the next day instead of it being an intra-day trading. TOM transactions rate is fixed on the day the transaction is signed, but the rate of exchange is agreed upon to be that of the next day. 2.2.1.3 SPOTTransactions: SPOT Transactions can be compared with TOM transactions because here also the exchange rate is fixed at a value that prevails over the exchange rate of intra-day trading of shares. But SPOT transactions have been separated as a different category because unlike TOM transactions, SPOT transactions contracts are executed on the third day after the signing of agreement between the Bank and the client. 2.2.1.4 Forward Contract: Forward contracts are those exchange rate contracts where the currency conversion exchange rate agreement is decided at a certain rate at a time that is well before the date of execution of the exchange contract. In that way they are similar to TOM transactions. The only differ from them in the fact that these transactions are made for a long term i.e. generally for one year, and the parties involved in making this foreign exchange transaction deposit five percent of the contract value with the bank involved in facilitating the transaction at the time of executing the contract which is then returned to the client after execution of the exchange transaction. The need for depositing this amount is to secure the transaction against any loss due to market fluctuations. 2.2.1.5 SWAP: The greatest advantage of SWAP transactions is that the clients involved in the foreign exchange get prior information about the exchange rate of the currencies that are part of the transaction. In this type of transaction the bank first buys the amount of transaction form the client and resells it to the client after a few days after disclosing the exchange rate of the currencies involved in the transaction process. SWAP transactions are much sought after by traders because here they get to know beforehand the exchange rate of the currencies involved in the transaction process that helps them in avoiding fluctuations in market rate and gives them the advantage of determining the prices of goods, the nature of the currency market notwithstanding. . 2.2.1.6 MarginTrading: The key element of Margin trading is that any trader can opt for SPOT trading round the clock by going through the margin trading mode. The other key element of margin trading is that the traders can make deals with a minimal spread for a huge amount of funds by projecting fraction of the needed amount. In that way it is a unique form of global financial transaction where the threshold value that can be transacted through the margin trading mode is $ 100000 with bigger deals being multiples of $ 100000. But in order to deal in margin trading the trader has to make a security deposit of five recent of the contract value that has to be replenished from time to time in order to maintain the amount from which the probable losses from margin trading transactions are accommodated. 2.2.1.7 Buying/Selling on Fixed Rate Order: This is a mutual agreement between the buyer and seller of foreign exchange. Neither its rate nor its other terms and conditions are based upon actual conditions. Rather the deal is based keeping the mutual profitability of the buyer and seller intact where both of them get their desired amount. 2.3 Global Foreign Exchange Market: According to the table depicting the Triennial Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity done by Bank for International Settlements (BIS)2007, as shown below the global foreign exchange market has an average daily turnover of over $ 2 trillion, which is an increase of around forty percent in terms of volumes . This rise in foreign exchange transactions it is observed has been due to rise in the volume of trading in Spot and Forward markets. This is indicative towards increase in volatility of foreign exchange markets around the world. (www.bis.org). Global Foreign Exchange Market Turnover Daily averages in April, (in billions $) Year 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 Spot Transactions 317 394 494 568 387 621 Outright Forwards 27 58 97 128 131 208 Swaps in Foreign Exchange 190 324 546 734 656 944 Gaps in Reporting (Estimated) 56 44 53 60 26 107 Total Turnover (Traditional) 590 820 1,190 1,490 1,200 1,880 Memo: Turnover (At April 2004 Exchange Rates) 650 840 1,120 1,590 1,380 1,880 (BIS Triennial Central Bank Survey, 2004) As observed by Jacque Laurent L.1996, Studies in foreign exchange point to the fact that the volume involved in foreign exchange transactions in the total markets around the globe has the potential to affect the overall functioning of the global financial system due to the systematic risks that are part and parcel of the foreign exchange transaction system. Most of the transactions occur in the major markets of the world with the London Exchange followed by New York and Tokyo Stock Exchange accounting for over sixty percent of the foreign exchange transactions done around the globe. Among these transactions the largest share is carried out by banks and financial institutions followed by other business transactions i.e. exchange of value for goods and services as well as dealers involved in securities and financial market transactions. According to the studies by Levi Maurice D., 2005, in foreign exchange transactions most of the transactions happen in the spot market in the realm of OTC derivative contracts. This is followed by hedging and forward contracts that are done in large numbers. The central banks of different countries of the world and the financial institutions operating in multiple markets are the main players that operate in the foreign exchange market and provide the risk exchange control mechanism to the players of the exchange market and the system where around $ 3 trillion amount of money is transacted in 300000 exchanges located around the globe. The largest amount of transactions takes place in the spot rate and that too in the liquidity market. The quotation on price in these markets sometimes reaches to around two thousand times in a single day with the maximum quotations being done in Dollar and Deutschemark with the rates fluctuating every two to three minutes with the volume of transaction for a dealer in foreign exchange i.e. both individual and companies going to the range of $ 500 million in normal times. In recent years the derivativ e market is also gaining popularity in OTC dealings with regards to the foreign exchange market. 2.4 Global Foreign Exchange Market Management Risks: According to the researcher Kim S. H., 2005, Foreign exchange transactions are identified by their connection with some financial transactions occurring in some overseas market or markets. But this interconnectivity does not affect the inherent value of the currency of the country which is determined by the economic strength of that country. This means that the inherent value of each currency of the world is different and unequal. So when the need arises to exchange the value of some goods or service between countries engaged in such activity it becomes imperative to exchange the exact value of goods and services. Considering the complexity and volume of such trading and exchange activity occurring in the global market between countries it is but natural that the currencies of individual countries is subject to continual readjustment of value with the currency with which its value has to be exchanged. This gives rise to the importance of foreign exchange transactions as a separate ar ea of study and thereby needs much focus for its understanding (Frenkel , Hommel and Rudolf , 2005). In addition to this it is to be realized that with the growing pace globalization and integration of global economic order there has been a tremendous increase in international business transactions and closer integration of economic systems of countries around the world especially between the members of WTO, that has led to the increase in economic transactions and consequent activity in international foreign currency exchange system (Adams, Mathieson and Schinasi, 1998). Added to this is the fact that the exchange value of currencies in the transactions is not determined by the respective countries but by the interplay of value of the currencies engaged in an international foreign exchange transaction and the overall value of each currency in the transaction prevailing at that time. In fact each country in the global economic order would want to determine the value of its currency to its maximum advantage, which was possible a few years ago in when the countries used to determine the value of their currency according to the existing value of their economy. The individual countries till the early nineties used to follow a policy of total or partial control over the exchange value of their currency in the global market. At the same time there also were a group of countries that followed the policy or system in determining the exchange value of their currency i.e. left it to the interplay of global economic activity where the value was determined by its economic performance. The currencies of countries that provide full or partial amount of control in the international exchange value of its currency are known to follow a Fixed Rate whereas the currencies of countries that allow its currency to seek its inherent value through its performance in the global economic system are termed as following the Floating Rate of foreign exchange conversion mechanism. Though lo gically both the type of mechanism of foreign exchange face the effect of exchange rate fluctuations and consequent volatility in rate it is the currencies having a floating rate that are continually affected by the fluctuations in exchange rate in the global market when in the case of currencies with a fixed rate it is more of a controlled and regulated affair (Chorafas Dimitris N., 1992). 2.5 Foreign Exchange Risks Prevailing in the Global Market: Risks related to the exchange rate of a currency in the global market as has been mentioned, occurs due to the interplay of inherent value of each currency of the respective countries that are part of the global financial mechanism. Risks related to foreign exchange come into picture and are also inevitable in this world marching towards increased interaction due to globalization. The risks will occur due to business interaction and consequent exchange of value for goods and services. According to Kodres LauraE., 1996, the risks related to foreign exchange occur when there is increased interaction between the currency of a country with that of other countries in the international market and that too if the currency has a floating exchange rate. In that case the value of the currency is continually affected by its business and financial performance. This relation with other currencies in the market affects it during the time when the need arises to exchange it with another currency for settlement of financial transaction in some business or financial purposes and gives rise to various types of risks. The prominent risks associated during this situation are Herstatt Risk, and Liquidity Risk. 2.5.1 Herstatt Risk: Herstatt risk is a risk that is named after a German Bank that got liquidated by the German Government in the seventies of the last century and made to return all; the claims accruing to its customers. This is because its creditworthiness was affected and it could not pay the settlement claims to its customers and also on behalf of its customers to their clients. It is basically connected to the time aspect of foreign exchange value claim settlements in which the foreign exchange transactions do not get realized as the bank loses its ability to honour the transaction in the intervening period due to some causes. In the particular case the German bank failed to honour the financial settlement claims of its clients to their counter parties that were to be paid in values of U.S Dollars. The main issues that arose were regarding quantifying the amount to be delivered and the time of the transaction process due to the two countries financial systems being located and working according to different or separate time zones. This case has established a phenomenon in foreign exchange market where there may erupt situations in which the working hours of banks located in different time zones may never match with each other leading to foreign exchange settlement transactions getting affected during the mismatch of the two banks closing and opening time. In fact the Alsopp Report that studied this phenomenon in detail said that though the foreign exchange transactions are made in pen and paper on a single day the actual transfer of value takes place within three to four days. And with the exchange value of currencies operating in the international market always remaining in a state of flux they either get jacked up or devalued. In either case it affects the clause of transactions that was decided on an intra-day rate, as the value of both the currencies in the international market has changed during these days. 2.5.2 Risks related to Liquidity: There can crop up different problems related to the banking systems operations and dynamics i.e. in both technical and management systems as well as inability in terms of volume of available liquidity strength or in mismatch in tallying of time etc; that can affect the capacity of banks to honour foreign exchange transactions in terms of transfer of liquidity. These types of risks are being commonly witnessed in newly emerging economies that are being unable to cope with the sudden surge in volume of global business transactions thereby leading to exchange rate settlement and payment delays, outstanding payments and dishonouring of financial commitments in the exchange rate transaction market. 2.5.3 Financial Repercussions: According to the Studies in foreign exchange related risks by Dumas and Solnik, 1995 aver that risk related to transactions in foreign exchange have increased with globalization and the rise of global economic integration process with the countries getting affected in relation to the volume of their transactions in the global financial and business marketplace. This is because the market is now more oriented towards market value driven convertibility of currencies that is influenced by the global financial movements and transactions, and any independent transaction especially of transnational and multinational companies; will automatically affect other transactions happening in the global financial marketplace (Klopfenstein G.,1997). However, according to another study by Gallati Reto R., 2003, these multinational and transnational companies are simultaneously being affected by the fluctuations in exchange rate of different currencies of the global market that is exposing their business operations in different global markets to exchange rate related risks especially due to difference in Spot and Forward rates and the inevitable fluctuations (Choi , 2003) that give rise to foreign exchange settlement related problems. 2.5.4 Remedies to Foreign Exchange Settlement Risks: As there risks that have cropped up in foreign exchange transactions due to increase in volume and frequency of transactions mainly as a result of globalization so, also there have come up remedies to minimize the risk related to adverse conditions in foreign exchange transactions. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in one of its studies in 1999 has said that settlement of claims is the most predominant risk that is related to foreign exchange transactions, especially the speed with which these transactions are materialized and the roadblocks that they may face in the process due to tremendous increase in volume of foreign exchange transactions that cannot be cleared in expected times. The solution to these risks according to the study is to simultaneously clear transactions on either side i.e. for both the parties side so that they simultaneously give and receive payments at the agreed rate of exchange. This would solve the problem of extended time of actual payment when the rate of exchange fluctuates, thereby creating problems for both the parties. This arrangement is related to deals being processed simultaneously, which requires the concurrence and common cause of both the parties. This is because the party that is expecting a hike in value of it s currency may not agree to such a proposal. In that case there should be some law or arrangement that would make it mandatory for both the parties to settle their intra-day payments on that day itself so that there is no scope left for speculation by them. According to the study, such arrangements have been made in USA and Europe where systems like Fedwire and Trans- European Automated Real-Time Gross Settlement Express Transfer (TARGET) have been established. Fedwire facilitates payments in foreign exchange transactions under the mode of Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS)and TARGET facilitates intra-day transfer of foreign exchange between parties of member countries of Europe on the same day itself. But, for simultaneous release of funds by both the parties and the intra-day settlement of claims to succeed it is imperative that the member countries of the global economic system should come together have concurrence on these issues. This is because all said and done the foreign exchange transaction related rules and laws are still governed by the respective countries. And most of these countries are reluctant to make any headway in linking their currency system to the global currency system for speedy disposal of foreign exchange transactions for fear that such a move would expose their currency end financial system to the baneful effects of risks and volatility of global foreign exchange system (Hagelin and Pramborg, 2004). At the level of international trading corporations there has been initiated some steps whereby they have formed a private arrangement known as Group of Twenty. They are a group of twenty internationally acclaimed global clearing banks who have formed an system called the Global Clearing Bank that acts as a connection between the payment systems of different countries and verifies international foreign exchange transactions in order to simultaneously satisfy both the parties regarding authenticity of the process of transaction. The thing is that this system puts a high amount of strain on the financial and foreign exchange system as well as reserves of individual countries along with requiring them to bring about some amount of commonality between the financial rules and regulations of individual countries which is easier said than done. All the same the establishment of Bilateral Netting System and Multilateral Netting Systems as well as of Exchange Clearing House (ECHO) are trying t o facilitate foreign exchange transactions and minimize the inherent risks involved (McDonough ,1996). 2.6 Indian Foreign Exchange System: 2.6.1 Historical Background: The historical background of foreign exchange system in India was a saga of excess control and monitoring with even minor transactions being made to undergo the rigorous scrutiny of concerned government authorities to avoid any risks associated with such transactions and save the scarce foreign exchange reserves from being frittered away in some transactions considered unimportant or anti-national by the government. The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) that was enacted in 1947 and made more stringent in 1973 was the embodiment of the prevailing sentiment of the governments of those days, which was to completely regulate and control all the foreign exchange transactions and protect the foreign currency reserves. (Mehta, 1985) All these changed in the nineties of the last century with the opening up of Indian economy in 1991 in keeping with the recommendations of the High Level Committee on Balance of Payments set up under the chairmanship of Dr C. Rangarajan by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India and subsequent entry of India into World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. This was preceded by the liberating of current account transactions and establishing full convertibility of current account transactions in 1993. In 1994 also the Government of India accepted Article VIII of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund that established the system of current account convertibility and the exchange value of rupee came to be determined according to the market rates with only the convertibility of capital account being under the control of the government (Krueger,2002) as the Tarapore Committee on Capital Account Convertibility of 1997 (Panagariya A., 2008) suggested the government to keep adequate sa feguards before allowing the convertibility of capital account to be determined according to the market forces as there was need to consolidate the financial system and have an accepted inflation target before such a venture. The Tarapore Committee also suggested that the legal framework governing the foreign exchange transaction system in India also needs to be modernized before going for total convertibility of the capital account due to which the Government repealed the FERA Act of 1973 and promulgated the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) in 2000. This new act did away with the system of regulation and control and established a system of facilitation and management of foreign exchange transactions thereby promoting all the activities related to foreign exchange transactions. The most important thing that was done by FEMA was to recognize violations or mistakes in foreign exchange transactions as a civil offence instead of a criminal offence as was done by FERA. FEMA also shifted the responsibility of proving the violation or mistake in foreign exchange transaction and related rules from the prosecutor to the prosecuted. And if the prosecuted was proved guilty he or she was to pay only monetary fine or compensation instead of being jailed as was the earlier provision under FERA. FEMA also simplified many of the rules and notified specific time frames for delivering judgments related to violations of foreign exchange rules and regulations and provide rules for establishing special tribunals and forums to deal with such cases. Th e compounding rules were also made less stringent and all matters related to compounding rules were notified to be dealt by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) instead of the previously assigned Enforcement Directorate. RBI was made the designated Compounding Authority in all related matters. Only the cases involving hawala transactions were left from its purview As per Mecklal and Chand